eBook without auto template – Waterfall Security Solutions https://waterfall-security.com Unbreachable OT security, unlimited OT connectivity Mon, 15 Sep 2025 07:35:31 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.2 https://waterfall-security.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/cropped-favicon2-2-32x32.png eBook without auto template – Waterfall Security Solutions https://waterfall-security.com 32 32 Rethinking Secure Remote Access for Industrial and OT Networks https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/rethinking-secure-remote-access-to-industrial-and-ot-networks/ Wed, 06 Aug 2025 09:38:01 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=35035 Discover which remote access technologies truly secure industrial and OT networks—and which leave critical operations exposed.

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OT Insights CenterRethinking Secure Remote Access for Industrial and OT Networks

Rethinking Secure Remote Access for Industrial and OT Networks

Rethinking Secure Remote Access for Industrial and OT Networks
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Remote access is essential—but traditional solutions like VPNs and jump hosts are increasingly under fire from both attackers and regulators. With guidance from CISA and CCCS urging organizations to move beyond legacy remote access tools, the stakes for industrial and OT networks have never been higher.

This ebook demystifies secure remote access technologies, from classic firewalls and 2FA to hardware-enforced solutions and unidirectional gateways. Discover which approaches truly protect against today’s threat landscape—and which leave critical operations exposed.

Download the book now to:

arrow red right Gain a deep understanding of modern and legacy remote access technologies – including VPNs, firewalls, 2FA, jump hosts, cloud systems, and hardware-enforced solutions.

arrow red right Explore common attack scenarios and assess how different combinations of security technologies perform against actual threats

arrow red right Learn which security measures are most effective for specific attack types, helping you make informed decisions about protecting remote access in your organization

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Waterfall team

FAQs About Remote Access

Remote access for OT (Operational Technology) networks is the ability to connect to and control industrial systems from outside the facility—often over the internet or corporate IT networks.

This allows engineers, vendors, or operators to:

  • Monitor and manage ICS, SCADA, and other OT systems remotely

  • Perform maintenance, updates, or troubleshooting without being on-site

  • Enable emergency intervention from anywhere

✅ Common technologies for remote access:

  • VPNs – Secure encrypted tunnels into OT networks

  • Jump servers / Bastion hosts – Controlled gateways between IT and OT

  • Remote Desktop (RDP/VNC) – Access to HMI or control workstations

  • OT-specific platforms – Purpose-built tools for safe industrial remote access

  • MFA / 2FA – Authentication to ensure only authorized users connect

⚠ Remote access increases convenience, but also creates potential entry points for attackers if not properly secured.

Organizations use remote access to:

1. Improve Efficiency

  • Engineers can diagnose and configure systems without traveling

  • Reduces downtime for routine maintenance

2. Support Vendor Access

  • Equipment vendors can update or troubleshoot systems remotely

  • Faster support without waiting for on-site technicians

3. Handle Emergencies

  • Teams can respond to incidents outside working hours

  • Quick intervention minimizes production impact

4. Lower Costs

  • Saves money on travel, labor, and incident response

  • Enables small OT teams to manage multiple sites

5. Enable Remote Operations

  • Operators can control or monitor sites across large geographic areas

  • Ideal for distributed infrastructure like pipelines, wind farms, or utilities

While powerful, remote access brings serious cybersecurity risks to industrial environments:

⚠ Top Risks Include:

  1. Unauthorized Access

    • Stolen or reused credentials can give attackers access

    • Weak or shared authentication increases exposure

  2. Vulnerable Technologies

    • VPNs, RDP, and web tools may have unpatched flaws

    • Attackers exploit them to gain a foothold in OT

  3. Lateral Movement

    • Once inside, attackers move from one device to another

    • Can lead to control over critical operations

  4. Human Error

    • Remote staff may misconfigure systems

    • Vendors might introduce malware accidentally

  5. Malware and Ransomware

    • Remote sessions can be used to inject malicious code

    • Poor segmentation allows malware to cross into OT from IT

  6. Regulatory and Safety Violations

    • Unauthorized changes can impact safety and compliance

    • Could trigger penalties, outages, or safety incidents

✅ Conclusion: Remote access brings flexibility, but also risk. Implementing strong authentication, network segmentation, monitoring, and vendor controls is essential to stay secure.

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]]> 13 Ways to Break a Firewall https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/13-ways-to-break-a-firewall-ebook/ Wed, 16 Jul 2025 17:21:22 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=34349 How much protection do firewalls really offer? Get the book to explore 13+ real-world attack scenarios that defeat firewalls and better designs for protecting industrial systems.

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OT Insights Center13 Ways to Break a Firewall

13 Ways to Break a Firewall

Firewalls are a go-to for OT security—but how much protection do they really offer? In this report, we explore 13+ real-world attack scenarios that defeat firewalls, share mitigations for each kind of attack, and look at smarter, stronger designs for (that still include firewalls) for protecting industrial systems.

13 Ways to Break a Firewall eBook

Firewalls are almost always the second technical step taken to secure industrial / OT automation systems. But how much security do firewalls impart?

One way to compare the strength of different defensive technologies and designs is to compare the attacks those designs defeat reliably, vs. the attacks they do not defeat. In this report, we look at firewalls, at attacks that defeat firewalls, and at mitigations, compensating measures and alternatives for and to firewalls.

And yes, the number “13” is a lucky ‘marketing’ number. The report in fact touches on closer to 18 or 19 kinds of attacks/scenarios. 

Get the report to understand:

arrow red right Which types of cyberattacks firewalls can and can’t stop in industrial environments

arrow red right Real-world examples of firewall failures

arrow red right Practical alternatives that strengthen OT security when firewalls fall short

Download now
About the author
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Waterfall team

FAQs About Firewalls

A firewall is a combination of software-based filtering and routing functionality that controls the flow of data between networks. While some firewalls come as hardware appliances, all firewalls rely on software to inspect and make decisions about each network message.

In practice:

  • Firewalls route traffic (e.g., from your home network to the internet)

  • They also filter that traffic based on rules — asking: “Is this message allowed?”

Every modern operating system — including those on laptops and phones — comes with built-in firewall capabilities.

The foundational truths of OT (Operational Technology) cybersecurity are:

  1. Nothing is secure. Security is a moving target — it’s never absolute, only more or less secure.

  2. All software can be hacked. Every application has flaws, and some of those become security risks.

  3. All cyber-sabotage is information. Any flow of information — even seemingly harmless — can be an attack vector.

These laws help shift your mindset toward continuous risk reduction rather than assuming absolute protection.

This free eBook gives you a realistic perspective on firewalls in industrial environments:

  • Learn which types of cyberattacks firewalls are unable to stop

  • Discover real-world cases where firewalls failed to protect OT systems

  • Explore practical alternatives that can enhance security beyond traditional firewalls

If you’re serious about protecting your OT environment, this guide will help you ask better questions — and build stronger defenses.

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]]> Cross-Domain Solutions: What They Are, How They Work, and Where You Use Them https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/cross-domain-solutions/ Mon, 14 Jul 2025 12:50:30 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=34095 This comprehensive guide cuts through the complexity to deliver practical insights on the full spectrum of cross-domain solutions.

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OT Insights CenterCross-Domain Solutions: What They Are, How They Work, and Where You Use Them

Cross-Domain Solutions: What They Are, How They Work, and Where You Use Them

Cross Domain Solutions

In today’s interconnected world, organizations must securely bridge the gap between public networks and their most sensitive systems.

Cross Domain Solutions (CDS) represent the critical technologies and architectures that enable secure information exchange between networks operating at different levels of trust—from business and civilian networks to classified government systems.

This comprehensive guide cuts through the complexity to deliver practical insights on the full spectrum of cross-domain solutions. Whether you’re protecting government networks from cyber-espionage or safeguarding corporate assets from malware infiltration, understanding which CDS approach fits your specific network architecture is essential for maintaining both security and operational efficiency.

Get the guide to:

arrow red right Discover the full spectrum of cross-domain solutions

arrow red right Know which cross-domain solutions are most applicable to which kinds of networks

arrow red right Learn which type of cross-domain system can best protect your organization’s most sensitive networks

Download now
About the author
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Waterfall team

FAQs About this Guide to Cross Domain Solutions

Cross domain solutions (CDS) are advanced cybersecurity gateways that enable secure data exchange between networks with different classification levels. They’re commonly used in environments that require strict separation, like defense, intelligence, critical infrastructure, and regulated industries.

CDS platforms serve as trusted interfaces that:

  • Allow controlled, policy-enforced data transfers

  • Prevent unauthorized or accidental leakage of sensitive information

  • Support compliance with data separation and auditing requirements

While traditional firewalls filter based on IP addresses and ports, and next-gen firewalls offer limited content inspection, cross domain solutions provide deep, content-level security:

  • Bit-level content inspection

  • File format validation and metadata cleansing

  • Detection of hidden or malicious content

  • Enforcement of complex security policies based on data type, content, and user roles

CDS solutions are purpose-built for secure, policy-driven data flow across highly segmented networks—something regular firewalls are not designed for.

This guide breaks down the complex world of cross domain solutions into actionable insights. It’s ideal for:

  • Government agencies managing classified and unclassified environments

  • Enterprises protecting IP or sensitive operational data

  • IT/OT teams integrating secure data flows between different zones

Learn how to evaluate different CDS technologies, avoid common mistakes, and choose a solution that fits both your security model and operational needs.

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]]> Data Diodes vs. Unidirectional Gateways https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/data-diode/ Mon, 14 Apr 2025 12:49:18 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=32420 Waterfcomprehensive guide to data diodes and unidirectional gateways demystifies the key differences between them.

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OT Insights CenterData Diodes vs. Unidirectional Gateways

Data Diodes vs. Unidirectional Gateways

An Architect's Guide to Modern OT Security

Data Diodes Vs Unidirectional Gateways eBook

Attackers often target industrial systems through bi-directional communication channels. That’s why understanding how to effectively implement one-way data transfer has never been more crucial. 

Our comprehensive guide to data diodes and unidirectional gateways demystifies the key differences, helping you make an informed decision for your organization’s security. After all, choosing the right technology to protect your OT network isn’t just important—it’s critical. 

Download now

Get the guide to:

arrow red right Discover how unidirectional gateways build upon data diode technology to provide enhanced protocol validation and application-layer controls—critical features for modern industrial networks. 

arrow red right Understand how advanced unidirectional gateway features can improve operational efficiency while maintaining the highest security standards. 

arrow red right Learn why leading organizations are moving beyond traditional data diodes to embrace more comprehensive unidirectional gateway solutions. 

Download the guide >>

About the author
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Waterfall team

Get the guide to:

FAQs About Data Diodes & Unidirectional Gateways

The guide to data diodes and unidirectional gateways demystifies the key differences between the two and helps organizations make an informed decision about their security.

The guide to data diodes and unidirectional gateways will help organizations understand how advanced unidirectional gateway features can improve operational efficiency while maintaining the highest security standards. 

With attackers targeting industrial systems through bi-directional communication channels, understanding how to effectively implement one-way data transfer has never been more crucial. 

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]]> The 2025 OT Cyber Threat Report https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/2025-threat-report-ot-cyberattacks-with-physical-consequences/ Tue, 11 Mar 2025 18:34:19 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=31582 The Waterfall Threat Report 2025 brings you comprehensive insights on cyber attacks that caused physical consequences in OT environments.

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OT Insights CenterThe 2025 OT Cyber Threat Report

The 2025 OT Cyber Threat Report

2025 Threat Report

In a world where cyber threats to operational technology are evolving at an unprecedented pace, making informed security decisions is more critical than ever.

The Waterfall Threat Report 2025 brings you comprehensive, verifiable data on cyber attacks that caused physical consequences in OT environments to help you understand today’s threat landscape and what’s required to face it.

Unlike other industry reports, the Waterfall Threat Report 2025 focuses exclusively on verified incidents with physical consequences. Each data point is meticulously documented and can be independently verified, making this the most credible and actionable OT security report available today.

Download now

Key Takeaways

arrow red rightSharp Rise in Affected Sites: While the overall increase in attacks slowed, their reach expanded dramatically – by as much 146%.

arrow red rightNation-State Threats Tripled: State-sponsored actors are increasingly targeting critical infrastructure and industrial operations with a variety of attack methods, including widespread GPS jamming and spoofing. A concerning shift in the threat landscape.

  • Sharp Rise in Affected Sites: While the overall increase in attacks slowed, their reach expanded dramatically – by as much as 146%.

  • Nation-State Threats Tripled: State-sponsored actors are increasingly targeting critical infrastructure and industrial operations with a variety of attack methods, including widespread GPS jamming and spoofing. A concerning shift in the threat landscape.
About the author
Picture of Waterfall team

Waterfall team

FAQs About the 2025 OT Cyber Threat Report

The Waterfall Threat Report 2025 brings you comprehensive, verifiable data on cyber attacks that caused physical consequences in OT environments to help you understand today’s threat landscape and what’s required to face it.

Unlike other industry reports, the Waterfall Threat Report 2025 focuses exclusively on verified incidents with physical consequences. Reading the report will help you understand today’s threat landscape and what’s required to face it.

One of the most alarming findings from the report is the dramatic rise in cyber attacks that lead to impairments in physical operations. The number of affected sites more than doubled, with a staggering 146% increase in 2024 – rising from 412 sites in 2023 to 1,015.
This shift signals an escalation in the severity of attacks, highlighting the need for heightened vigilance.

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]]> eBook: Cybersecurity in Power Generation – Applying and Interpreting ISA/IEC 62443 Standards https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/power/ebook-cybersecurity-in-power-generation-applying-and-interpreting-isa-iec-62443-standards/ Tue, 01 Oct 2024 08:22:57 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=27670 The post eBook: Cybersecurity in Power Generation – Applying and Interpreting ISA/IEC 62443 Standards appeared first on Waterfall Security Solutions.

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OT Insights CenterPowereBook: Cybersecurity in Power Generation – Applying and Interpreting ISA/IEC 62443 Standards

eBook: Cybersecurity in Power Generation – Applying and Interpreting ISA/IEC 62443 Standards

The ISA/IEC 62443 family of standards is essential for protecting Operational Technology (OT) networks, but applying these standards in the power generation sector presents unique challenges. This eBook breaks down the complexities of ISA/IEC 62443 and provides practical guidance tailored specifically to the power generation industry.

Download now

Inside the eBook, you'll learn:

arrow red right Why applying 62443 standards to power generation benefits from a consequence-driven approach, and how to build it into your risk assessments.

arrow red right How to interpret zoning and conduits for power generation systems, and why your current zoning strategy may not be enough to address today’s threats.

arrow red right What new engineering-grade cybersecurity controls and network upgrades you should consider to simplify achieving a desired security level.

arrow red right How to mitigate the risk of high-impact, low-probability cyberattacks and build a resilient defense strategy against nation-state threats.

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About the author
Picture of Dr. Jesus Molina

Dr. Jesus Molina

Jesus Molina is Waterfall’s Director of Industrial Security. He is a security expert in both OT and IT security. A former hacker, his research on offensive security in industrial systems has been echoed by many publications and media, including Wired and NPR. Mr. Molina has acted as chair of several security organizations, including the Trusted Computing Group and the IoT Internet Consortium. He is the co-writer of the Industrial Internet Security Framework and the author of several security-related patents and academic research papers. Mr. Molina holds a M.S. and a Ph.D from the University of Maryland.

Fill out the form and get it by email

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]]> BMS Use-Case eBook: Impenetrable Cyber Defense for Data Center Infrastructure https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/facilities/bms-use-case-ebook-impenetrable-cyber-defense-for-data-center-infrastructure/ Tue, 24 Sep 2024 06:47:08 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=27184 This eBook explores the best-practices for protecting the BMS (Building Management System) from internet-based cyberattacks and similar threats. Get your copy today

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OT Insights CenterFacilitiesBMS Use-Case eBook: Impenetrable Cyber Defense for Data Center Infrastructure

BMS Use-Case eBook: Impenetrable Cyber Defense for Data Center Infrastructure

Data centers face increasing cybersecurity threats, especially targeting the Building Management Systems (BMS). These systems are integral to the overall operation of the data center and any breach of a BMS could lead to devastating downtime.

 It also outlines various use-cases and advantages for implementing Unidirectional Security Gateways to ensure safe access to OT & BMS data.

Download now

Download your copy now to explore how you can:

arrow red right Ensure uninterrupted operations with minimal risk of cyber-related downtime

arrow red right Safeguard BMS with unidirectional data flow, eliminating bidirectional vulnerabilities

arrow red right Effortlessly meet stringent cybersecurity regulations and standards

arrow red rightReduce financial losses from cyber incidents and operational disruptions

arrow red right Create new unique revenue opportunities when securely leveraging BMS data via Unidirectional Security Gateways

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Author
Picture of Elisha Olivestone, Channel Partnerships Director

Elisha Olivestone, Channel Partnerships Director

Elisha Olivestone is a senior sales & business development professional with over 15 years of experience, managing sales and business development opportunities. Elisha has been with Waterfall Security since 2018, leading the Data Centers vertical.

Fill out the form and get it by email

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]]> 2024 Threat Report – OT Cyberattacks with Physical Consequences https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/2024-threat-report-ot-cyberattacks-with-physical-consequences/ Sun, 17 Mar 2024 10:29:14 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=20305 Report on 68 cyberattacks that caused physical consequences to industrial control systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) in 2023 that are in public records.

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OT Insights Center2024 Threat Report – OT Cyberattacks with Physical Consequences

2024 Threat Report – OT Cyberattacks with Physical Consequences

Threat Report Webinar

In 2023 we saw 68 cyberattacks in the public record that caused physical consequences to industrial control systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) in building automation, manufacturing, heavy industry and critical industrial infrastructures. 80% of attacks were attributed to ransomware, and hacktivist impacts rose to 15%.

Download Now

Fill out the form and get your copy today.

Get the report to:

arrow red rightUnderstand how attacks on IT networks can have severe consequences on OT networks.

arrow red rightLearn why ransomware attacks with OT impacts slowed down, while overall attack counts continue to increase.

arrow red rightGet ahead of the curve with insights on the latest attacks worldwide and their impact.

arrow red rightBenefit from in-depth analysis from industry leaders offering expert perspectives on the current and future cyber threat landscape.

Appendix A, at the end of the Threat Report, also includes the entire dataset used for the report – a comprehensive list of all attacks in the public record with physical consequences for these industries since 2010, including links to public reports and sources that can be used to verify the attacks and learn more about them.

The report is a joint effort of Waterfall Security and the ICSStrive incident repository:
Picture of Rees Machtemes

Rees Machtemes

Director of Industrial Security at Waterfall Security

Picture of Monique Wallhof

Monique Wallhof

Consultant at Industrial Safety & Security Source

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Greg Hale

Editor & Founder at Industrial Safety And Security Source

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Andrew Ginter

VP Industrial Security at Waterfall Security

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]]> eBook: Unidirectional Security Gateways for Government Networks https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/government-and-defense/unidirectional-security-gateways-for-government-networks/ Mon, 19 Feb 2024 10:39:52 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=19702 The cyber threat environment is getting worse, and our adversaries are developing more powerful attack tools. Government agencies need to increase automation and network connectivity to maintain strategic military, governance, and economic advantages.

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OT Insights CenterGovernment and DefenseeBook: Unidirectional Security Gateways for Government Networks

eBook: Unidirectional Security Gateways for Government Networks

The cyber threat environment is getting worse, and our adversaries are developing more powerful attack tools. Government agencies need to increase automation and network connectivity to maintain strategic military, governance, and economic advantages. This increases both the number of targets for cyber assaults and the number of opportunities for such assaults. The solution is robust, hardware-based, physical protection, such as Waterfall’s Unidirectional Security Gateways and hardware-enforced security solutions, which protect from even the most sophisticated nation-state adversaries.

Fill out the form and get your copy today.

In this eBook

arrow red right  Unique benefits of Unidirectional Security Gateways.

arrow red right  The hardware behind Unidirectional Security Gateways.

arrow red right  Connector software for Unidirectional Security Gateways.

arrow red right  Waterfall’s Blackbox – tamperproof logs.

arrow red right  How it all comes together  for protecting government networks.

Download your copy today and learn how to fully secure government networks against all remote cyber threats including nation-state adversaries.

About the author
Picture of Andrew Ginter, VP Industrial Security at Waterfall Security Solutions

Andrew Ginter, VP Industrial Security at Waterfall Security Solutions

At Waterfall, Andrew leads a team of experts who work with the world’s most secure industrial sites. He is author of two books on industrial security, a co-author of the Industrial Internet Consortium’s Security Framework, and the co-host of the Industrial Security Podcast. Andrew spent 35 years designing SCADA system products for Hewlett Packard, IT/OT connectivity products for Agilent Technologies, and OT/ICS security products for Industrial Defender and Waterfall Security Solutions.

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]]> Engineering-grade OT Security – A Manager’s Guide https://waterfall-security.com/ot-insights-center/ot-cybersecurity-insights-center/engineering-grade-ot-security-a-managers-guide/ Thu, 08 Feb 2024 11:38:18 +0000 https://waterfall-security.com/?p=10519 Waterfall is pleased to make free copies of the book available to qualified practitioners when the book releases. Request your copy now

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OT Insights CenterEngineering-grade OT Security – A Manager’s Guide

Engineering-grade OT Security – A Manager’s Guide

New Book Release

Andrew Ginter, VP of Industrial Security, is releasing his third book, Engineering-Grade OT Security – A Manager’s Guide.

This book delves into engineering approaches to OT cyber risk. For example, if your life depended on a boiler’s safety, would you trust a spring-loaded valve to prevent over-pressurization, or rely on a longer password for the computer controlling it? Most would choose a mechanical valve—but where is this solution in the NIST CSF or IEC 62443? It’s an engineering, not a cybersecurity solution.

Engineering-grade solutions are deterministic, mathematically modelable, and virtually unhackable. Andrew’s book explores these solutions, highlighting the differences between IT and OT networks, assessing network criticality, and discussing legal obligations of due care.

As a sign of our appreciation, we are offering complimentary copies of the book to our  customers and prospects.
Please register your interest by filling in the form to the right.

Fill out the form and get your copy today.

About the Author

Picture of Andrew Ginter

Andrew Ginter

Andrew Ginter is the most widely-read author in the industrial security space, with over 20,000 copies of his first two books in print. He is a trusted advisor to the world's most secure industrial enterprises, and contributes regularly to industrial cybersecurity standards and guidance.

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